Toward New Horizons charted in 1945 a long-range aerospace research and development program for the nation, and led to the creation of what would become Arnold Engineering Development Complex. The report was authored by Dr. Theodore von Kármán and members of the Scientific Advisory Group he chaired for General of the Army Hap Arnold. Arnold asked Dr. von Kármán to study Germany's rapid development of advanced jet aircraft and other systems which almost allowed then-Nazi-dominated nation to win World War II. A similar effort in 1995 spawned New World Vistas, a blueprint intended to take American aerospace engineering into the 21st century.